Akhmīm

Akhmīm, also spelled Ekhmīn, town, Sawhāj muḥāfaẓah (governorate), Upper Egypt, on the east bank of the Nile River, above Sawhāj on the west bank. Extensive necropolises dating from the 6th dynasty (c. 2325–c. 2150 bce) until the late Coptic period reveal the site’s antiquity. In 1981 remains of a temple (Roman period) with Ramesside statues were excavated in the city. The name apparently derives from the pharaonic Khent-min and Coptic Khmin. Its deity was Min, in Hellenistic times identified with Pan, whence the name Panopolis, meaning “city of Pan.” Also referred to as Chemmis or Khemmis, it was the capital of the 9th, or Chemmite, nome (department) of Ptolemaic Upper Egypt. Linen weaving is cited as an ancient industry there by the Greek geographer Strabo (born c. 63 bce). The 18th-dynasty pharaoh Ay (reigned c. 1323–19 bce) and the 5th-century ce Greek poet Nonnus were born at Akhmīm. The Coptic dialect once spoken in the area had an important literature.

In the Islamic period it became a provincial capital under Faṭīmid caliph al-Mustanṣir (11th century ce); in the 18th century it was incorporated into the former province of Jirjā (Girga), and the town was sacked during the Mamlūk civil wars.

The modern town is a market and processing centre for cereals, sugarcane, dates, and cotton. Manufactures include textiles, clothing, pottery, and bricks; the ancient weaving tradition has been revived as well. An electrical transformer station started operation in 1980. Akhmīm has a considerable Coptic Christian minority. Pop. (2006) 101,509.