Half-Life

Half-Life, electronic game released by American game developer Sierra Studios in 1998 for personal computers (PCs) and in 2001 for the Sony Corporation’s PlayStation 2 video-game console. One of the most popular and critically acclaimed games of the late 1990s, Half-Life followed theoretical physicist Gordon Freeman as he blasted his way through a research facility where his own experiments had gone horribly wrong.

Half-Life differed from other first-person shooter games by moving away from cinematic plot devices, instead telling the story through live scripted interactions. A massive array of weaponry was available to help players “mow down” aliens, mutants, assassins, and marines. Rather than simply trading gunfire while running around, Half-Life required players to manipulate and use parts of the research facility to destroy the more difficult enemies. The game was filled with puzzles, a departure from the standard “shoot-’em-up” genre, and play was organized by chapters rather than levels.

In 1998 Half-Life won more than 50 game of the year awards from various Web sites and magazines. The innovations found in Half-Life helped breathe new life into a genre that had been made famous by Doom, Quake, and Wolfenstein, and its multiplayer support made it one of the most-played online games. The Guinness Book of World Records named it the Best-Selling First-Person Shooter of All Time (PC) in 2008.

Half-Life 2, the game’s direct sequel, was released in 2004 for PCs—the game was later ported to Microsoft Corporation’s Xbox and Xbox 360 video-game consoles and Sony’s PlayStation 3—and experienced similar widespread success. Chronicling Gordon Freeman’s new battles in a world wrecked by the residual effects of the first Half-Life game, it featured several expansion packs that extended the story in what many viewed as an unofficial third installment of the series.