Kizilbash

Kizilbash, also spelled Qizilbash, Turkish Kızılbaş (“Red Head”), any member of the seven Turkmen tribes who supported the Safavid dynasty (1501–1736) in Iran. As warriors, they were instrumental in the rise of the Safavid empire and became established as the empire’s military aristocracy. The name Kizilbash was given to them by Sunni Ottoman Turks in reference to their attire: they wore red caps to signify their loyalty to the Safavids. The term was applied later to the followers of a Shiʿi sect in eastern Anatolia. It also was given in Afghanistan to the Persian-speaking Turkmens, who settled in Kābul and other cities from about 1737 and engaged in government service and trade.