Xi’an Monument

Xi’an monument, inscribed stone monument that records the early missionary activity of Nestorian Christians in China. It was discovered by Jesuit missionaries in 1625 in the province of Shaanxi, China. The monument, constructed in 781, bears an inscription written in Chinese and signed in Syriac by 128 Christians, chiefly priests and officials.

According to the inscription, the Chinese emperor Taizong received the Nestorian Persian monk A-lo-pen in his capital city of Chang’an (modern Xi’an) in 625 and looked with favour upon him and the writings of the “luminous doctrine” (Christianity) he brought with him. By 638 a monastery for this monk and 20 others had been constructed at the expense of the Imperial coffer in the capital city. By 650 it is reported that the Christian mission had expanded sufficiently to be recognized at the diocesan level. Buddhist opposition, however, so affected the fortunes of the Christian enterprise that it was not possible to appoint a Nestorian metropolitan before the reign of Emperor Xuanzong (712–756). The community disappeared after the 10th century.